В 2013 ЕС достиг значительного прогресса в деле устранения некоторых торговых барьеров, которые препятствуют доступу европейских компаний на рынки Китая, Индии, Японии, стран МЕРКОСУР (Бразилия /Аргентина), России и США, хотя некоторые протекционистские барьеры все еще сохраняются в разных странах.
2.3 Focus – Russia, one year after its WTO accession. Although it acceded to the WTO in August 2012, Russia has still not fully implemented its WTO commitments. The EU remains concerned with a host of barriers that continue to hamper access to the Russian market for EU economic operators.
For a list of more than 150 products including meat, garments, refrigerators, used vehicles, car bodies, paper products and ITA products Russia has incorrectly implemented its WTO bound tariffs. Whereas some lines have been corrected on 1 September 2013, some issues still remain on products such as paper, car bodies and agricultural products.
On 9 July 2013, the EU launched its first WTO Dispute Settlement case with Russia to tackle a recycling fee on motor vehicles applying to imported cars. On 15 October 2013, the Duma passed an amendment that requires domestic car makers to pay the same recycling fee as foreign manufacturers, thereby removing the discriminatory elements contained in the original bill. However, the implementation of this bill as well as possible compensation measures for domestic car manufacturers still need to be monitored very carefully over the coming months.
Regarding the wood tariff-rate quotas (TRQs) under the bilateral EU-Russia Wood Agreement concluded in the context of Russia’s WTO accession, some progress has been achieved recently through the abolition on 4 November 2013 of the discriminatory «list of exporters» previously maintained by Russia. This had greatly limited the eligibility of companies to export under the wood TRQs. In the field of SPS measures, non-transparent, discriminatory, and disproportionate control and approval procedures, excessively stringent requirements on antibiotic residues, microbiological criteria and pesticide residues’ insufficient alignment with the WTO SPS Agreement and other international standards and practices are the source of many difficulties. Inspection results or border control findings in agricultural products and plants continue to create obstacles to trade on a daily basis. Several Member States are targeted by specific measures of Russia e.g. on chilled meat, on suspension of exports from categories of producers while certain bans are imposed EU-wide after findings of non-compliances in certain Member States. These import constraints are also negatively affecting retail and wholesale operations and hinder an efficient supply chain management. Since March 2012, restrictions on imports of cattle and ruminants (due to Schmallenberg virus) as well as on live pigs for slaughter are in place.
In the Customs Union (CU) framework, Russia adopted regulatory processes of alignment of its SPS technical regulations with the international standards and practices. The EU submitted a list of requests for harmonisation to the CU partners. However, so far there has been no evidence of the implementation, except in the field of pesticides.
In the area of technical barriers to trade (TBT), EU economic operators still face numerous horizontal and sector-specific barriers to trade in Russia due to burdensome technical regulations, non-transparent application of requirements, coexistence of several, partly overlapping and excessive certification, conformity assessment and authorisation procedures, which largely remain incompatible with modern international rules and standards.
Technical regulations are now adopted at the level of the Eurasian Customs Union (Russia, Belarus, Kazakhstan). Often these technical regulations are not based on international standards and establish overly burdensome certification, notification and labelling requirements. Recent examples include the Customs Union technical regulation on safety of consumer goods and goods destined for children and adolescents (amongst others relevant for textiles, clothing and footwear) and the Customs Union draft technical regulation on alcoholic products safety. Additionally, since detection on 24 January 2014 of African Swine Fever (ASF) in wild boar close to the Belarusian border, the Russian Federation has de facto banned the export of live pigs and pork products from the entire EU territory. This measure appears as disproportionate and unfounded.
Источник:
http://trade.ec.europa.eu/doclib/html/152272.htm
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